Illegal downloading of music and its effects on the industry Research Paper

Illegal downloading of music and its effects on the industry - Research Paper Example This "Illegal downloading of music and its effects on the industry" essay describes how the invention of the Internet and the growth of illegal music downloading and file sharing changed music market. Despite being a lucrative business, on average, Verderber, Verderber and Sellnow highlight that musicians earn peanuts annually with no additional benefits. This irony emerges from the fact that some other people infringe or steal and distribute copyrighted music illegally thereby decreasing the music sales. In their argument, music companies state that free and unlimited downloading of music has led to the violation of their rights. These industries suffer lose not only in terms of money but also in effort and time. Apart from individuals, record stores also contribute to the menace of promoting illegal music download. The record stores benefit through selling ad space on their walls and gain profits. Such profits play a significant role of paying musicians for their work thereby reduc ing incurred expenses. Additional arguments by the music companies reveal that burnt CDs containing favorite songs by the consumers cost a great deal of money since each CD would only contain (a) particular song(s) (Essaylib para3). For the musicians, recording contracts include obtaining advances and loyalties from recording companies. Advances are provided to musicians prior to the recording releasing. In the case of the recording earning sufficient money, the recording company recovers its money for the advance paid out. Conversely, little music sales mean the recording company has to call off the loss. In order to avoid loses, recording companies are forced to offer lower advances to musicians and fire some of their employees to cut down costs like in BMG and Sony music. In terms of loyalties, artists are paid for each song

The effect of car usage on global warming Essay Example for Free

The effect of car usage on global warming Essay The author Tina Fanning in the newspaper article â€Å"cars no longer sustainable†, which was written in July 2007, contents the effect of car usage on global warming and the effect on the future of our children that proves the high level of harmfulness that global warming causes. The audience in this article is aiming at car users and state governors. the first argument that is used is that country people have â€Å"stopped coming to Melbourne for the big games, shopping, theater or the art galleries. † The technique that is used is reason and logic, as he uses a clear logical and rational argument to prove his point. The effect this particular argument has on the reader is that, it makes them realize one of the major negative outcomes of this issue, therefore, taking the issue less lightly and more seriously. The tone the writer has during the argument is anger, seriousness and sympathy for the people outside Melbourne who have the will to visit. the second argument involves the Victorian’s addiction to cars, and that they overuse it whilst being â€Å"dependent on cars for personal and individual status and comfort as much as for convenience.† This pushes the reader to feel a sense of guilt and shamefulness as he attacking them for being a factor of one the negative outcomes. A rhetorical question was used in order to make his point in this argument clear enough as he says â€Å"what warming signs can you see?† trying to remind the reader of the signs of global warming that accruing recently. The Tone of the writer during the argument is disappointment and accusation. The third argument in this article is that the effect of global warming is the same effect of smoking and alcohol and how it impacts on the future and the health of the people. Fanning proves this through her words â€Å"they are now on a par with social evils of smoking and alcohol†. Analogy was used, as the author compares two point of views which are smoking and alcohol with global warming trying to prove that they have same affect. The tone throughout the argument was fear and worry from the negative outcomes of this issue. The intention of the writer is persuade the readers to acknowledge the negative and harmful outcomes of the issue. Also, trying to make the reader take the issue seriously through arguments and techniques. Fanning has conditioned the reader to worry and question the negativity of global warming.

Defining The Input And Output Devices Computer Science Essay

Defining The Input And Output Devices Computer Science Essay In the Airline, input and output devices are significant equipment to operate the information system. Input devices are hardware components that enable users to interact with the computer and used to transfer data from outside world to computer system. Without input devices, you would not able to feed instructions to a computer. The most common input devices are mouse, keyboard, scanner, webcam, touch screen, microphone and so on. Another input devices are not apply on Airline. Output devices are any peripheral that receives or displays output from a computer. It is also data processing carried out by information in either visual or auditory format to show at equipment. The most common output devices are monitor, printer and speaker. 2.2 The input and output devices communicate with computer Nowadays, the Airlines Company uses the advanced technology to operate with smoothly. Input devices can divide up to pointing devices, pen-based computing, voice recognition and optical scanning. In pointing devices, keyboards are a most commonly devices for entering data and text to the computer system. Pointing devices benefits have issuing commands, making decision and responding immediately display on monitor screen or printer (MBA Knowledge Base, 2010). For example, counter girl make use of keyboard to input the passengers personal information and confirm the passengers seats. It can manipulate simply and reduce the wrong information. Besides that, electronic mouse is the most popular pointing devices to move the cursor on the screen, likewise make icon and menu selections (MBA Knowledge Base, 2010). Passengers can use the mouse to activate various activities selected to check the information they needs. Touch screen also a device can use the computer to touch the surface to dis play on the screen. The computer senses the point in the grid where break occur and respond with propriety feedback. There are many touch screen system set up in the waiting hall for passengers use. Pen-based computing are most being used in many personal digital assistants. The PDA has fast processers and software that recognizes of handwriting. It can substitute of writing on paper to the screen seem send e-mail, make selections and enter hand written data into the main computer (MBA Knowledge Base, 2010). For example, the Airlines Companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s supervisor can send some minor and emergency message to inform headquarters. Voice recognition is the easiest way for data entry, world processing and conversational computing. It is most natural method to communicate with computer. Voice input has become a new trend and convenience technology to use. Voice recognition systems analyze and classify speech or vocal tract patterns and convert them into digital codes for entry into the computer system. Basically, voice recognition system is being require training recognize the voice to differentiate and achieve high degree accuracy. So the voice recognize system have huge vocabularies to provide help to support the system. Another, speaker-independent voice recognition systems also enable understand few word from the voice it has never heard before (MBA Knowledge Base, 2010). For illustration, telemarketing surveys, stock quotations services, airlines ticket-booking systems and account balance inquiries. The advantages of using voice recognition system is permit operators entry data without using hands to key in data and write down data in paper, they can provide the data as fast as possible and more exact input. Optical scanning devices read text or graphics and convent them into digital input to the computer. There are many types of optical scanners; they are use photoelectric devices to scan the characters. Compact desktop scanners have cheaper and ease for personal computer so they are more popularize. In addition, flatbed scanners are faster and provide higher revolution color scanning but it is larger and more expensive than another optical scanner (MBA Knowledge Base, 2010)s. For example, airport use the optical scanners to scanning the passengers airlines tickets to confirm the passengers personal data. It also can make sure passengers check in to the passengers compartment. Other that, output devices is most information from the computer to export visual or auditory format such as printer, speaker, monitors and other wise. The purpose of the output devices is to translate the data to information for computer user. There include visual response, sound and media devices. Monitor is hardware to display visual output for the user. The images use video card processes to shows as monitor. Monitor and video card quality is identify how the definition of images. Video card just affect the images not related with word and office work (Lysis, 2010). The airlines companies set up the monitor on every seat for passengerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s entertainment and inquire about location of flying. It is customer services and facilities to passengers on the way. Speaker is hardware to output the sound for the user. Speaker and sound card are use at the same time, there are depend quality of this two component to give determine the detail. This type of sound setup is used by multimedia creators (Lysis, 2010). For example, airport have many speaker set up in anywhere, they can utilize the facilities to inform importance message to all the people in airport. Printers are an external hardware device to taking computer data and generating a hard copy data. There have matrix ribbon printers, matrix ink-jet printers and laser printers. Laser printers are the most common use in Airlines Company (Lysis, 2010). For example, they are using printers to print out some news or airline tickets. Owing to the world goes on the green campaign, so there are many company apply the technology to reduce in paper and globosity resources. 2.3 Input and output devices provide a high-level implemental environment in customer services Nowadays, Input and output devices provide a high-level implemental environment for the airlines company services. Competition in the airlines industry is at all-time high, challenging providers to reduce costs while improving quality (Nelson publishing, 2000). In this environment, airline companies strive for attractive customers and carry though exist customers. It is more challenging and arduous works. National Airlines has experienced tremendous success meeting the high demand for air travel to and from Las Vegas (Fred Crescente, 2000). They use cost- effective interactive voice response (IVR) to advance the customers services and growing the support system for customers. IVR offers National Airlines the flexibility to leverage in-house Web- development staff to speedy develop and response new voice application as soon as possible. This tool is increase the customers demand and enhance the competitive promotions. Input and output devices have increased overall sufficiency though lower costs. Callers requiring immediate and timely flight information can now access data instantly, with virtually no time spent waiting for an agent (Crescente, 2000). Input devices can provide the customers booking airlines ticket faster than service counters. Besides that, customers also can use the internet to booking tickets and get a new promotion. Output devices is perform to company understand the customer demand. They can satisfy the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s request to achieve the target of company. In between, input and output devices need to balance the company supply and customer demand. Customer services is important part of Airline Company, it can represent the airlines image. 2.4 Conclusion In conclusion, we understand the input and output devices perform a significant role in information system. It can help the users to communicate with the internet. The internet can share the new information to whole country people. Input devices are tools to input the data into the computer to make process. Output devices are passing by the data processed to display the information for reference. Base on my understanding, airline companies are using the technology devices to improve the implement and speed. Airline Company interacts with the airport to achieve the best customer services. Customers will be enjoys the flies from the beginning and the end. No matter the any problem was occur, they also can manage it by information system. In my opinion, Airline Company may increase the internet customer services because can reduce the paper work to reach go green on the world. The information system with technology is more modernize in this era.

Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

In the 16th century Charles Dickens wrote the unforgettable novel A Tale of Two Cities. In it he created two of the most remarkable fictional characters of all time. One is the bloodthirsty Madame Defarge, and the other is the selfless Sydney Carton. Madame Defarge is a peasant who seeks revenge on all aristocrats who cross her path. In contrast, Sydney Carton is a man who is willing to do anything for the love of his life. While the actions of these two characters clearly delineate their differences, the underlying forces that drive each character are quite similar. From Madame Defarge’s actions, it is clear that she is the evil antagonist in the novel. Even in the manner that she is physically described, she is presented as â€Å"dark† and therefore she is seen as evil. She is as evil as she is because when she was younger the D’Evremonde brothers killed her whole family. Now the purpose of her life is to procure revenge on the D’Evremonde family and every other aristocrat. Even when told by her beloved husband she has gone to far, she does not stop. Instead her repartee to him was, â€Å"Tell the wind and fire where to stop; not me†. In it she evidently expresses how she will never forget what was done to her family and how the D’Evermondes are deserving of what they will receive. The actions she performs in her daily life demonstrate her evilness. In the novel it seems as though she is the â€Å"bad guy† who is starting up all the trouble. It is her need for revenge, in the book, that starts th e revolution. While Dickens presents Sydney Carton as a worthless drunk, in contrast to Madame Defarge, he is the Christ-like noble figure of the novel. He appears to the readers of A Tale of Two Cities as a worthless drunk and a man who has not acquired any high social position in his life. Also, it seems as though his life has resulted to nothing. At one point he says, â€Å"I care for no man on earth, and no man on earth cares for me†, but that changes when he meets Lucie Manette. He develops an undying juvenile-like love for her. Sydney is willing to do anything for her and tells her so in a beautiful speech he made to her. In it he states, â€Å"Think now and then that there is a man who would give up his life, to keep a life you love beside you†.

Business Plan Final Essay

Castle’s Family Restaurant Business Plan: Stage III Executive Summary The purpose of this business plan is to understand the restaurants business and its operations to improve its customer service and its employee relations. The Castle Family Restaurant has eight restaurants that operate under one regional manager that also acts as the Human Resource Manager for the restaurants. The goal is to develop a plan that can decrease the travel time of the regional manager so; that he, Jay Morgan, can save on gas due to high gas prices since each restaurant is located in the northern California area. The objective is to introduce a HRIS application and one vendor that can assist in the developing of the HR department and ease the transitioning of one individual HR manager to multiple employees. There are restaurants with profits in mind and provide the same food and service while the Castle’s Family believes in family, partnerships and developing relationships with one another for a great customer service. Introduction The Castle’s Family Restaurant has eight restaurants in northern California with about 300-340 employees. Most of the employees are part time with about 40% of them full-time. This business plan is to determine strategies that will eliminate the Human Resource position from Jay Morgan, so that he can reduce his travel time to all eight locations and to develop an HR department for the restaurants. In addition, the business plan is to enable Jay Morgan to concentrate on his operation manager duties. Company Review The factors that cause many issues to the Castle’s Family restaurant business are having one individual with so many responsibilities. Therefore, hiring an HR manager to schedule, recruit, hire and assist the employees in their needs will help in creating order. In addition, the restaurant must hire an assistant to help in the administration work; it will decrease the amount of  paperwork for the general manager. And each restaurant must have a manager to overseas the employees and the operation of the restaurant. The managers will conduct meetings monthly to provide the sales, revenues and customer services of each restaurant. Managers can communicate through emails, phone calls if they have questions for each other, or have any concerns. A needs assessment must be conducted to determine if an HRIS is needed for the company. In order to have a successful restaurant business every factor must be considered. For example, customer service to the customers is a big factor becau se that is what brings in the revenue. For a restaurant to have a successful business they must have the right food for their customers to enjoy and to assist the customers any way they can. In the last year, there had been some speculation into how the government will help the small restaurants and that the fiscal will prevent any type of savings in when tax time comes around. These HRIS and vendor application that will be stated in this business plan is there to develop and help maintain the restaurant’s H R department and increase growth in the company. Business Analysis We have acquired an HRIS system that will help in developing the HR department to provide easy process for the employees. The Sage HRIS application is an innovative way to ease the transition from traditional HR to a strategic HR. The Sage applications provide variety of options to assist in the HR process. For example, the payroll application should be implemented to help the restaurant establish tax, earnings, and deduction codes to perform critical payroll functions and to modify the system to the restaurant’s needs. This is the first time Castle’s Family Restaurant is developing a HR department, having the right tools to run a department the right way will allow less mistakes to be made; with eight different locations, adding the sage application will help in the transitioning all locations into one. Furthermore, it is critical for a company to have leadership to help establish the employee’s strengths and improve their weaknesses. In addition, the sageâ€⠄¢s time and attendance can help manage the employee’s attendance and work time. The system enables you to collect, analyze, and take control of employee’s attendance and labor data. The  application will help the company in providing perks to employees that always come to work on time. In addition, the performance management application tracks employee’s performance; help identify their critical skills to help the employees in their career development. Furthermore, I have compare and contrast a vendor that would benefit your company. These two vendors provide great services but one match your company’s true values and its missions. The Castle’s Family Restaurant need a vendor that can help in developing long lasting relationship and demonstrates positivity so that individuals can be their best. Furthermore, automation is viable to reduce the need of human errors that can results in more major consequences. Automation errors can occur at any time, the solutions are easy to fix, and automation provide easy data that can be change, delete and edit. HRIS Type/Comparison The type of HRIS that the Castle Family Restaurant should implement is the Sage application as I have stated before. In order for such application to be developed a vendor must be selected to help in the process. The sage application is a best fit for the company because it has a group of team that can help in assisting in any technical difficulties. When developing new HR department, errors will consist and questions will need to be answered. Therefore, a new training program will need to develop to increase each employee’s skills and performances in the Human Resources Department. The Sage application has the career enhancement training; they have created a system that can help in detecting IT skills, leadership’s skills, etc.; that can benefit your restaurant. The application has an easy to read system. The vendors that I have selected are the ADP and the Rideau Recognition Solutions. The ADP provides all services for domestic international, small or large companies, it does not matter where you operate, and they are there to assist in developing the business. The Rideau Recognition Solutions provide services that inspire employees to succeed to the vendor’s belief. Their expertise is to help their clients build positive relationships with their people to reflect the company’s values and increase customers’ expectations. The Rideau main purpose and their definition of a business are being inspirational and providing inspiration to others. While  ADP is well recognized company that can assist in developing an HR department, and have the tools to performed the job, but because of the deep meaning and relationship that can develop with the Rideau Recognition Solutions and the restaurant being a family company; I believe that the Rideau is the best solution for the Castle’s restaurant. HRIS Vendor Recommendation I have recommended that your company, The Castle’s Family Restaurant, to choose the Sage HRIS application and the Rideau Recognition Solution as your vendor. They have the right tools that can establish the restaurant business, and their tools can assist in the development of the HR department. In the restaurant business there will be a lot of risks such as food poising, slip and fall and property damages. Once these types of risks occur this is where the HR department comes in to assist in resolving the situation. This why there should be training when these disadvantages come to light. The sage applications have the proper tools to help decide the professional way to handle such situations. The HRIS application provides professional training to each individual HR employee. While these risks can occur, another problem that cans cause small businesses disadvantage are the fiscal cliff which this year small business operators tax rate has increase by 5 percent. Furthermore, knowing these disadvantages will allow you, the Castle’ Restaurant to prepare yourself as a restaurant. In addition, using these vendors and HRIS system will permit better training; and develop great communication between the HR department and the employees and managers for great customer service. It is important to know the negative factor and a positive factor on owning a small business restaurant and to prepare for any tactics on a professional level. In conclusion, I recommend the Sage as your HRIS application and the Rideau Recognition Solution as your vendor. Conclusion The Castle’s Family Restaurant has been operating on one person basis, with eight restaurants to oversee. There are many duties to maintain to assure a  smooth business; with such issues that can arise in each restaurant, developing an HR department to oversee these tasks will reduce risks that can occur. I have concluded that the Sage HRIS and Rideau Recognition Solution are the chosen application and vendor for your company to help in the developing your restaurant business. The application and vendor will and can assist you in many different factors and help improve employee communication. References Frumkin, Paul. â€Å"How ‘fiscal cliff’ deal impacts small restaurateurs, franchisees.† Nations’s Restaurant News. Jan 9, 2013. Retrieved on 8/24/2013 < http://nrn.com/latest-headlines/how-fiscal-cliff-deal-impacts-small-restaurateurs-franchisees>

Personal Statement French Studies Essay

Dear Sir, Dear Madam, I am writing in application for a place in your graduate program, namely the Ph. D. in French Studies with a concentration in Language and Identity, to start in the fall of 2006. I am currently completing my Master 1 at the Sorbonne University (Paris Ill), having also acquired my B. A. (Licence) in that institution. My Bachelors and my current Masters at the Sorbonne primarily consist of the study of French literature and dramaturgical texts from the 16th up until the present day. I have had the opportunity to study in depth classic authors uch as Moliere, Racine or Corneille. I have been especially marked by the latter author in his tragedy â€Å"Le Cid†. My education has also included the works of Rousseau, Beaumarchais, Montesquieu, Hugo, Zola Chateaubriand, Apollinaire, Aragon and other 18th to 20th Century writers. Many of the ideas advanced by these 18th Century writers went on to play a tremendous role in shaping France and Europe via their influence on the revolutionaries of 1789. Hugo and Zola also influenced their generation by exposing societal injustice in their works, most notably n â€Å"Germinal†and â€Å"Les Miserables†. Throughout my high school and university education I have studied foreign languages such as French and English. I have always had a particular passion for France (where I have lived for several years) and French culture and language. I was admitted to the Perm State University in order to learn French. In order to broaden my knowledge I enthusiastically took up the opportunity to move to France, where I have spent most of the last five years of my life, working and studying at the same time. When I arrived in France, I worked as an au pair (alongside my studies), as well as for a tour operator. I have also taught French to both teenagers and adults while in Russia, and Russian and French whilst in France. These experiences have greatly aided me in developing my teaching and communication capabilities. I also have a long-standing interest for history, art and politics, both within Europe, the US, the former Soviet Union and the wider world. I have found these interests to be extremely helpful when studying literature, ocieties and cultures during my education, as they enable one to understand the underlying meaning of texts which are at times hidden, or to place such texts in their broader context. During my education I have closely studied the evolution of the treatment of women in both France and Russia. It seems natural for me to advance as a thesis proposal comparative research into the influence of French and American 20th Century literature on the condition of women in France and the US, and to determine the impact that this had on other groups of society. This topic would allow me to examine issues ranging from personal and group identities to politics and philosophy. I will also be able to bring into such research my own background, as I have also studied extensively Russian authors like Chekhov who also focus on these issues in plays like â€Å"Three Sisters† or â€Å"Uncle Vanya†. I take a great interest in research work, may it be for my courses at university or during my internship in New Orleans, and find it both challenging and extremely rewarding. I have always wanted o graduate from such a prominent institution as Tulane University, which has a well- deserved reputation for excellence. More specifically, study in New Orleans, with Ph. D. in French Studies from Tulane University would constitute both a highly beneficial experience for me and an additional step towards becoming an expert in French literary culture and thought, possibly working in the academic field or within the broader intellectual community. ‘ am motivated and extremely hard working, and would relish the opportunity to study at your institution. I am grateful for your consideration.

Homelessness, 10 Year Plan Study Gd. Essay

Homelessness, 10 Year Plan Study Gd. Essay Homelessness, 10 Year Plan Study Gd. Essay What Actions the Could the Poor Take to Escape Poverty?  · Unionize  · Educate  · Vote  · Riot  · Pool their money – form credit unions Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: Physiological Needs (food, water, air, sex) Safety Needs (shelter/safe conditions) Needs of Love, Affection and Belongingness Needs for Esteem Needs for Self-Actualization Generational Poverty Family has never owned land Never knew anyone who benefited from education Never knew anyone who moved up or was respected in a job Highly mobile High family Illiteracy Focus is on making it through the day Working-Class Poverty Working, but rarely have money for any extras Most do not own property Live pay check to pay check Few have health care Focus on making it two weeks or through the month Immigrant Poverty Have little or no resources Face language and culture barriers Seem to do have a stronger sense of self and often do better than those born into poverty in America Poverty is viewed as a system problem Situational Poverty Surrounded by people who are educated or able to earn a living wage Attends school regularly and has health care Has crisis (health, divorce, etc.) and income drops Generally is able to make it back to middle-class Has not internalized the poverty as personal problem Does not recognize advantages of growing up middle-class Can be harsh judge of those in generational and working class poverty What Does Poverty Teach? Many people living in the crisis of poverty are sent messages through their interactions that impact their perspectives of what is possible. Here are some of the messages taught to people living in generational, working-class poverty, and immigrant poverty: No one cares Everyone seems smarter People who are making it must be better then me We don't belong anywhere People like us do not get educated We don't have what we need to break out of poverty There is no one to help * New Opportunities for Serving Children and Families Without Homes * The McKinney-Vento Homeless Education Children Youth Act * * Homeless Outreach Promoting Educational Success (HOPES) * Collaborative , Orange County Department of Education (OCDE) * Causes of Homelessness * Lack of affordable of housing * Due to economy and foreclosures * Lose of employment * Poverty * Health problems * Domestic violence * Natural and other disasters * Abuse/neglect/abandonment (unaccompanied youth) * Issues Facing Children Youth Experiencing Homelessness * Mobility - loss of structure, routine, stability * Trauma and loss * Deep poverty (deprivation, hunger) * Higher rates of developmental delays * Higher rates of chronic and acute health problems * Mental health issues: stress, anxiety, and depression * Disrupted or stressed attachments to caregivers * Invisibility * Developmental Factors Compared to non-homeless children, homeless children have: * Greater developmental delays (language, motor-development, and/or social skills) * More learning disabilities * More mental health problems * Higher frequency of withdrawal, shyness, separation anxiety, short attention disorder, flat affect, aggression, hoarding, anxiety in response to changes in environment or staff absences, concern over getting enough food, and sharing toys * More physical health problems * Common Signs of Homelessness * Frequent moves * Attendance at many different schools * Inability to pay fees for school related activities or school supplies * Behind academically * Erratic attendance or tardiness * Numerous absences * Inability to contact parents (no phone/address * Chronic hunger * Fatigue (falls sleep in class) * Increased vulnerability to colds/flu * Poor/short attention span * Lacks preparation for school (homework not complete, no school supplies or books) * Poor self-esteem * â€Å"Mature† beyond years *

Memory Lab essays

Memory Lab essays The purpose of the memory lab was to determine which environments are most suitable for memory retention. The participants of this experiment were the students enrolled in our GSC 101 physical science class. Ages ranged from 18years of age to possibly 50. Of these participants we had a wide range of educational majors, ethnical background, and genders. All participants were required to submit a list of thirty common words to be used in the experiment. The testing procedures started at approximately 8:00 p.m. every Tuesday night in class. At this time the teacher would hand each student a list of thirty words face down on the desk (from the lists required of each student). Each participant was given two minutes to study the list followed by a one-minute intermission. After the intermission, each student was given as much time as needed to recall and write down the word list of that particular night. However, each participant was required to stop after they could no longer rec all the words easily. The variables in our memory experiment were repetitions, time, colors, smells, and sounds. Our first variable was repetition. In this part of the experiment each participant was given a list of thirty words with two minutes to study and a one-minute intermission. This lab was repeated four times with the same list of words; each attempt with the same constants (study time, intermission time, and word list). The purpose of this lab was to record the effects of accuracy produced by repetitions. The second variable was time. Using the same list of words from the previous week (repetition lab), the participants were required to recall the list of words without studying them to record the effects of lapse time. This same procedure was used the following week. Again, requiring the participants to recall the list without seeing it first. The effects of color was our next variable. This was achieved by printing three ...

Centrism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Centrism - Essay Example It is quite deceiving and absurd to find a significant number of people who take religion merely on a physical level, assuming that it is worth just active involvement in church traditions which may compensate for any shortfall of character. This concept, however, sets believers to the perils of blindness toward genuine principles of truth which should be learned and understood by the heart. Hence, in this regard, I propose to establish belief in Faith-Centrism. Under this religion, there would be one God whose image or form is yet unknown but still an omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent entity anyone can speak to at any moment in all open spaces. There is no need for a firm embellished structure to house particular images or figures for which offerings must be made since worship by faith alone ought to be central and is not subject to judgment based on material possessions imparted. Faith-Centrism challenges a follower to exhibit true values of faith beyond public view or approv al. For instance, showing compassion to someone in need is an act which, as much as possible, must not reap rewards by being seen and given any credit if faith must be kept pure. A believer is more spiritually attached when executing good deeds in secret because this way, he would be capable of meditative thought to weigh between pure and impure intentions. Moreover, Faith-Centrism shall have no administering priest to prevent the risks of formality people tend to become more focused on procedural custom rather than faith. It would be more appropriate to have organize brotherhood and sisterhood that would informally gather to share rich and colorful stories of faithful journeys in all walks of living. Any written code of ethic or conduct suitable should be personal and while I see it fit that the Bible or the Holy Scripture from the Christian tradition may proceed as the standard, nevertheless, a flexible interpretation is encouraged for all passages depending on how the biblical ve rses apply to one’s unique set of ways in dealing with any aspect of life (Hollingworth, 2010). When it comes to prayer, disciples of Faith-Centrism need not abide by any specific form. They can pray with or without having to utter words in any position of preference and for as long as sincerity is not neglected, prayer can be treated as formal or informal occasion of communicating to God in thought, whispers, loud speech, and writing (Daniel, 2008). The meaning of faith must remain central in solemn moments of pouring out sentiments to God, strongly believing that each request shall receive God’s answers once the proper time arrives. Through Faith-Centrism, people will have inspiration and opulent hopes of changing for the better as it includes no concept of hell in the doctrine. To be fair to the portion of mankind that has died in chaos without being influenced by the light of wisdom of truth taught in religion, souls thereof shall be guided by divine spirits to a d imension where there exists a chance to possess new material bodies and be born anew in the world instead of experiencing rigid fates as punishment for the unrighteousness. With the abolition of ‘hell’ in notion, people would realize the marvelous extent of God’s unconditional love keeping in mind that the opportunity to live another life is something very indispensable to purify every soul to full brilliance before it reaches heaven and meets God face to face. No soul goes to waste except for lives that are

The Principles of Economics Applied in Real Life Essay

The Principles of Economics Applied in Real Life - Essay Example One of the latest major layoffs occurred at GM which let go of over 20,000 employees as the company filed bankruptcy. The severe job loss has implication at the micro and macro economic level. Since less people are working in America it means that the amount of money in circulation in the economy is lower. When there is less money moving around there are many symptoms that occurred as consequence of such an economic environment. Business activity lowers because the demand for goods from consumer diminishes due to their ability to afford the goods and services they used to purchase when they were employed. Auto manufacturers such as GM, Chrysler, and Ford are impacted as their overall levels of production supply goes down since there are not as many potential customers in the marketplace that can afford to purchase a new vehicle. The government is affected by the rising unemployment. Suddenly the demand for governmental programs and assistance goes up as more people become unemployment. The amount of participants of programs such as unemployment benefits, welfare, and student scholarship programs goes up. Many unemployed persons choose to back to school in order to keep these occupied and achieve professional development while they wait for the economy to begin producing once again so they can become a part of the workforce once again. During these harsh economic times some industries actually benefit and the demand for there products and services goes up. An example is the fast food industry and other cheap food establishments. People can not afford to eat at luxury restaurants, thus they meet their needs to go out and take family out to eat by going to neighborhood food stands and other lower price establishments. The recession which according to economic experts started in December of 2007 has costs the United States a total of 6 million jobs. If we assume that on the average these jobs

International Staffing Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Staffing Strategies - Essay Example The basic implication of this staffing strategy is that it provides autonomy to its subsidiaries at very low level which is in fact quite negligible. The actual decision making authority rests with headquarter in an almost centralized manner. As a result all of the strategic decisions are made at headquarter and even some important tactical level of decisions. Only day to day levels of operative decisions are taken at the subsidiary level. Therefore, it is a centralized authority which actually leads and directs the overall operations of the organization. In ethnocentric staffing strategy, generally the key and important staff positions are held by the personnel belonging to headquarter whether those positions are vacant at domestic level or foreign level. The headquarter personnel are given the preference for filling out those vacant positions as they are highly important in nature. However, in case of subsidiaries, the staffing requirements are fulfilled by attracting the pool of c andidates from the home nations such that headquarter does not actively participate in recruiting the employees at the subsidiary level. ... But on the other hand, headquarter also provides an opportunity to the subsidiaries to prepare their own staffing strategies such that the host country nationals can be employed at the relevant subsidiaries. Control and Communication Ethnocentric approach allows headquarter to maintain a mechanism of control and effective communication between headquarter and the subsidiaries. Since the major strategic decision making authority lies with headquarter, therefore, headquarter has a better chance to practice effective control over the management of the subsidiaries and in doing so, the communication channels become quite effective between headquarter and subsidiaries. Step towards Internationalization The biggest advantage of ethnocentric staffing strategy is that it actually provides a platform to those organizations that are intending to expand their business operations outside their domestic market. Since this staffing strategy empowers headquarter and the overall control is maintaine d by that headquarter, therefore, the first step towards going global demands the implementation of ethnocentric strategy as it suits those organizations the most. Transferring Organizational Values to the Subsidiaries One of the main important aspects of this ethnocentric approach is that it actually causes transfer of organizational culture, values, principles, objectives and policies to the newly acquired subsidiary from the main headquarter of the business. As a result, the overall theme, values and principles of the organization rest throughout the organization uniformly at both headquarter and subsidiary level. Polycentric Approach This staffing approach works on the principle that every subsidiary is provided full

Health Sciences and Medicine Chapter Questions (Planning Your Needs Essay

Health Sciences and Medicine Chapter Questions (Planning Your Needs Assessment; Logic models; SMART objectives) - Essay Example The personal and social backgrounds of the mentally ill patients are a lack of belonging that is characterized on both a physical and psychological aspect. The homeless people are mostly poor people who may not afford the cost of housing. They end up obtaining mental illnesses that are associated with a high level of substance abuse and poor health. Substance abuse has been a major cause of mental illness in the homeless people because they consume it without control and to cope with their situation. Some of the homeless people have families but they are unable to live with them because of social neglecting. They end up in the streets in order to survive the harsh family neglecting. Their psychological service needs include social acceptance and psychiatric support. Most of these mentally ill homeless people do not access sufficient support in managing their problem. This arises from the lack of money and adherence to the schedules. They also suffer neglect due to the frequent stigma tization and improper judgment of other people.

Wellness and Wellbeing - staff wellbeing report Essay

Wellness and Wellbeing - staff wellbeing report - Essay Example This is a lifelong process which each and every staff must consider and it is supposed to be a lifestyle. Apart from the employees taking care of their wellness through adopting healthy lifestyles, it is also the mandate of every employer to be able to provide an environment that encourages the wellness of the employees. It is necessary to for any members of staff to be have a well rounded wellbeing. Yet, a closer look at the EC staff may indicate that they are not as equipped to achieve this as they should. These members of staff deal with a delicate task of shaping the future of young ones. This report outlines the issues affecting the EC staff wellbeing. Wellbeing for these staff should include occupational, physical, social, intellectual, spiritual and emotional dimension. Wellness and wellbeing, according to Donatelle (2006), is a multidimensional issue. According to him, there are sic dimensions to Wellness and wellbeing which include occupational, physical, social, intellectual, spiritual and emotional, wellbeing. This dimension of wellness and wellbeing involves the way a person interacts with their environment and the community around them. For a person to have proper wellness and wellbeing, they must interact with their environment and community in a way that they make better living condition and healthy social environment for others. Wellness and wellbeing are also affected by the person’s ability to involve themselves in physical activities and also in other behavior that affect physical wellness such as eating healthy food. In a modern world where people have hardly any time for physical activity and most of the careers are very inactive in nature. More persons are unable to ever have any meaningful physical activity and this affects their wellness and wellbeing. The fact that most people are too busy these days also means that they may not have time to prepare healthy means for themselves and their families. Wellness and

The first American railroad - Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The first American railroad - Narrative - Essay Example For instance, through narratives it is possible to explain and understand how people and cultures of the past related with each other leading to the process of development and how this development came to spread in various regions. All this, being in the foretelling of the first American rail road line. The first American rail road was approximately three thousand and sixty nine kilometers or one thousand nine hundred and seven miles long. Also dubbed as the first transcontinental rail road and the pacific rail road, it caught a lot of peoples eyes in amazement. It was constructed through a total tie period of six years form 1863 to 1869. The totality of the rail road line ran form the pacific coast of San Francisco bay to council bluffs, Lowa across the western united states (Hofsommer 12). This rail road was at the time the major development project and people used it as the major form of transport. This made sure that the government was keen in every aspects of its development. For instance it involved the consultancy of various private companies in its development such as the western pacific rail road company, the central pacific railroad company of California, and the union pacific rail road company. Each of these companies was involved in the planning and implementation stages with each partaking a share of building the rail way line (Hofsommer 4). As was in many of the other regions at the time, the paddle steamers were the first locomotives to move across this rail road. On the day of the launching of the rail way the first paddle steamer on the road was launched and many of the high and mighty citizens in the country partook tickets to ride and go down in history as the first passengers on the first American rail road. Thousand more lined along the rail road through out the whole journey to witness this remarkable invention that promised to come with better developmental opportunities for their nation. The civil war provided America with trained

Health Sciences and Medicine Chapter Questions (Planning Your Needs Essay

Health Sciences and Medicine Chapter Questions (Planning Your Needs Assessment; Logic models; SMART objectives) - Essay Example The personal and social backgrounds of the mentally ill patients are a lack of belonging that is characterized on both a physical and psychological aspect. The homeless people are mostly poor people who may not afford the cost of housing. They end up obtaining mental illnesses that are associated with a high level of substance abuse and poor health. Substance abuse has been a major cause of mental illness in the homeless people because they consume it without control and to cope with their situation. Some of the homeless people have families but they are unable to live with them because of social neglecting. They end up in the streets in order to survive the harsh family neglecting. Their psychological service needs include social acceptance and psychiatric support. Most of these mentally ill homeless people do not access sufficient support in managing their problem. This arises from the lack of money and adherence to the schedules. They also suffer neglect due to the frequent stigma tization and improper judgment of other people.

The first American railroad - Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The first American railroad - Narrative - Essay Example For instance, through narratives it is possible to explain and understand how people and cultures of the past related with each other leading to the process of development and how this development came to spread in various regions. All this, being in the foretelling of the first American rail road line. The first American rail road was approximately three thousand and sixty nine kilometers or one thousand nine hundred and seven miles long. Also dubbed as the first transcontinental rail road and the pacific rail road, it caught a lot of peoples eyes in amazement. It was constructed through a total tie period of six years form 1863 to 1869. The totality of the rail road line ran form the pacific coast of San Francisco bay to council bluffs, Lowa across the western united states (Hofsommer 12). This rail road was at the time the major development project and people used it as the major form of transport. This made sure that the government was keen in every aspects of its development. For instance it involved the consultancy of various private companies in its development such as the western pacific rail road company, the central pacific railroad company of California, and the union pacific rail road company. Each of these companies was involved in the planning and implementation stages with each partaking a share of building the rail way line (Hofsommer 4). As was in many of the other regions at the time, the paddle steamers were the first locomotives to move across this rail road. On the day of the launching of the rail way the first paddle steamer on the road was launched and many of the high and mighty citizens in the country partook tickets to ride and go down in history as the first passengers on the first American rail road. Thousand more lined along the rail road through out the whole journey to witness this remarkable invention that promised to come with better developmental opportunities for their nation. The civil war provided America with trained

Olive Cotton Essay Example for Free

Olive Cotton Essay Olive cotton is an Australian photographer who produced magnificent photography for over 60 years. She was born on 11 July 1911 in Hornsby, Sydney. On her 11th birthday Olive Cotton was given a Kodak camera from her father who taught her all the basics of photography. Her father helped her turn the home laundry into a dark room to produce photographs. Cotton had no prior experience with photography. In her darkroom Cotton processed films and produced her first black and white image. While on holidays with her family in Newport Beach Cotton met Max Dupain, whom she later married for two years in 1939, and they became friends, sharing a passion for photography. In 1941 Olive Cotton was asked to manage Dupains studio while he was called to service in war, she accepted and worked as a professional photographer. Olive Cotton got remarried and moved away to Cowra. When she moved away from Dupains studio Cotton did not have access to a dark room for twenty years, but continued to take photos. She later had a child and opened a small photographic studio. Cotton is noted as one of Australia’s most notorious photographers and visual artists with her work show casing in Australia and multiple international exhibitions. Cotton passed away in the first week of October 2003. Vapour Trail 1991 In this image Cotton has captured a surreal moment. The use of black and white exaggerates the scene and gives of a cold and dark feeling. The photo Vapour Trail 1991 was taken from a low angle shot. Taking the image from this angle allows Cotton to include the vapour trail and the clouds in the sky and environment around it. The vapour trail which runs from the top right corner to the bottom left corner give a deep depth of field, the trail has a rough, grainy texture throughout it and consists of many distorted lines. The light source is coming from the bottom right highlighting the clouds. Also included in the photograph is a line of trees and shrubs in the foreground. The foreground is very dark and blacked out with no lighting, only showing the outline of the trees and shrubs. In the background there is a large body of water and another line of trees, shrubs and land. The top right corner is faded into darkness. My gaze focuses at the top of the image and trails down along the vapour trail to where I noticed the trees and the bright lighting coming through the faded clouds. I really like how the lighting in the corner outlines the trees and shrubs leaving the fill black. Fashion shot, Cronulla Sandhill’s 1937 Fashion shot by Olive Cotton consists of many elements. The photo is in black and white consisting mostly of bright shades giving of a very happy mood. Cotton has taken the photograph at a long shot and eyelevel shot. Using these types of shots allowed her to involve the full body of the model, her first husband (Max Dupain), the sky, sand and the distant shore line. The model in the centre of the image wearing a flowing dress is the first place I laid my eyes on. Due to the way the models arm is bent the next place my eyes lead to is Dupain Photographing the model for a magazine shoot. The image also includes the natural foot prints imbedded into the white luscious sand. The ripples and prints in the sand continue in to the shadows of the model and Dupain. The foreground of the image is very clear with even lighting throughout it. The background of the photograph includes a cloudy sky and a shore line of dark trees in the distance. Judging by the shadows the lighting comes from the left side of the image causing the entire centre of the image to be brighter while the top boarders are very dark. I really like the way Cotton has taken a photo in the moment; I also enjoy the Polaroid framing and free hand script on the border. Olive Cotton is a brilliant photography who can take a simple object and make it a beautiful piece of art with it. Even without having and official education in photography, Cotton has produced some of Australia’s most well-known and notorious images in history.

Impact And Cultural Dimensions Of Globalisation

Impact And Cultural Dimensions Of Globalisation There are both winners and losers associated with globalisation, however what exactly is globalisation and how can it be defined? Daniels et al. Defines the term globalisation as follows: A contested term relating to the transformation of spatial relations that involves a change in the relationship between space, economy and society.  [1]  There are a few key dimensions connected to globalisation, these are economical, political, social, cultural and environmental. This paper will argue that there are some positives linked to globalisation, however many people are still worse off and suffer as a result of this phenomenon. There are some general winners as a result of globalisation: the highly skilled and educated, large firms, global markets, men, or any people with assets. Then there are the losers of globalisation: the workers, women and children, local communities, the uneducated, people without skills, the environment and small firms. For globalisation to work inequality must be decreased in order to close the gap between the rich and poor countries. Transnational and Multinational Corporations are those corporations which have headquarters in a certain country (mainly in a global city) and operate in several other countries around the world. They have been the central players in the evolution of globalisation since the Second World War. These have continued to become some of the most powerful economic and political entities in the world today. The corporations can influence globalisation greatly and bring wealth to developed countries. Many of the larger Transnational Corporations (TNCs) have a higher turnover than the majority of the worlds countries. For example, the combined revenues of General Motors and Ford alone, the two largest automobile corporations in the world, exceed the combined Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for all of sub-Saharan Africa.  [2]   Economic globalisation refers to increasing economic interdependence of national economies across the world through a rapid increase in cross border movement of goods, service, technology and capital.  [3]  Capitalism drives globalisation in this present era and will continue to do so with the markets opening up and becoming neo-liberal. Whilst economic globalisation has been occurring over several thousands of years, recently it has expanded rapidly with the increasing improvements in technology, transportation and free trade. This recent growth has occurred mainly because of developed countries integrating with less developed countries, by means of foreign direct investment (FDI), the reduction of trade barriers and the modernisation of these developing cultures. Countries involved in trade liberalisation benefit from an increase in living standards, increased incomes, and higher rates of economic growth. For economies to grow, TNCs need to generate profit and expand globally. They achieve this by moving their production line to less developed countries in order to decrease production costs and increase profit. The winners of this process are the major corporations (Nike, Gap, Tommy Hilfiger, etc.) whose products are made at a minimal cost, thus generating increased amounts of profit allowing them to globalise their business and become wealthier. TNCs have been heavily criticised, however they have invested in developing countries and by doing this, have managed to raise the living standards. Despite the western view that sweatshops are unethical, the labourers who work in them are often benefiting greatly. Many economists whose studies are directly related to sweatshops find that after controlling for other factors, multinational firms pay higher wages than domestic firms in Third World countries.  [4]  Many citizens in developing countries are unqualified or uneducated, thus making it extremely difficult for them to find employment by being unqualified. Feenstra and Hanson (1997) find that multinational firms improve the lives of workers by increasing the demand for labour.  [5]  This indicates that unqualified citizens still have a chance of employment and receiving an above average income. The apparel industry has drawn most attention in the press for its use of sweatshop labour. Evidently, the apparel wages are l ow by Western country standards however, these wages compare favourably with the average standard of living within these countries. For example, in Honduras, the site of the famous Kathy Lee Gifford sweatshop scandal, the average apparel worker earns, $13.10 per day, yet 44% of the countrys population lives on less than $2 per day.  [6]  Evidently, sweatshops do play a major role in developing countries, however there still are some negatives surrounding them. The negative associations with globalisation cannot be overlooked. The losers of this process are the workers who work increased hours, earn little income, along with poor living and working standards. Even though sweatshops produce a reasonable, above average income for its workers, they usually work in dirty polluted factories which may have a negative effect on the worker and may decrease their life span. For example, Tommy Hilfiger a world renowned brand has set up sweatshops in developing countries, where products are made at a minimal cost and sold in developed countries at a high cost, producing major profits which return to the specific TNC headquarters, thus the developing countries economy does not benefit greatly. This in turn leads to an increase in inequality between the rich and the poor. As a result of sweatshops, citizens in the developing world may suffer as well. When these major corporations move their production line to reduce costs they leave several thousands of local citizens unemployed, which may lead to them relying on welfare. They may also substitute humans with labour saving technologies which will also increase unemployment levels. This can continue to lead to issues such as a loss of tax revenue which may be detrimental to the home country and halt them from moving forward. An additional loser in this process can be the consumer who purchases these products which can be described as being highly overpriced. Another significant and often overlooked loser from economic globalisation is the environment. Major corporations decreases in environmental integrity as polluting corporations take advantage of weak regulatory rules in developing countries. For example, human systems are depleting resources and degrading the environment at unprecedented rates, such as mining companies clearing land for production causing deforestation and pollution. There are many more examples of environmental degradation such as urbanization of productive land; water logging and salinization of soil; soil erosion; deforestation; ground water depletion; ozone depletion; pollution; and climate change to name a few. These are all issues which are currently being seen through media sources. Such as the BP oil spill which has been graded the biggest environmental disaster in the US history, The oil rig, about 40 miles (64km) off the coast of Louisiana, sank two days later, gushing an estimated 12,000 to 19,000 barrels of crude oil a day into the Gulf of Mexico.  [7]  This appears to be a prime example of environmental degradation. This disaster has continuing effects on the environment and economy such as killing wildlife and habitat, and effecting tourism on this part of the coast. Ms Wickman, owner of the Treasure Trove gift shop that occupies an 18th century church, one of Alabamas oldest buildings, estimates that her business has dropped by half since news of the April 20 explosion that destroyed an oil rig under contract with BP.  [8]  Due to the interconnectedness of globalisation when this disaster occurred all the oil prices around the world fluctuated and were unstable at the time. Some countries may suffer from the resource curse. A prime example of the resource curse is Nigeria, a country rich in land, but poor in population. Despite its large earning from oil, 70% of its estimated 140 million people live below the poverty line.  [9]  About 95 percent of Nigerias revenue is generated by oil and gas, resulting in billions of dollars in state funds every year, though much of the country remains impoverished and underdeveloped this is mainly due to a high level of corruption in its government.  [10]  These can lead to much greater issues within developing countries such as an increase in the chances of civil war within developing countries and open war between developing countries as they fight for resources. In conclusion, there are evidently positive impacts which have occurred as a part of the globalisation phenomenon. It has contributed to increased job opportunities for uneducated or unqualified citizens, has increased economic growth for developed countries through transnational and multinational corporations, and increased living standards due to trade liberalisation. Even though there are some negatives associated with globalisation such as increasing the gap between the rich and poor, exploiting labourers, along with having environmental impacts, globalisation has still continued to have many great benefits on the world. It is unreasonable to predict that globalisation will encourage equality around the world; there will always be winners and losers, regardless.

Raptor Red :: essays research papers

1. The novel I read was "Raptor Red" by Robert T. Bakker. Published by Simon & Schuster, in 1995. Rapotor Red is a female raptor struggling to survive in a kill or be killed world on her own after losing her mate. 2. The setting changes all throughout the book as Raptor Red migrates from one place to another. In somesettings she is in thick rich mossy forests looking for plump Iguanadons to eat, to other desert like lands where the sun is so hot she must sleep through the midday and hunt late afternoon when the heat is bearable. Setting is a very important because the authour must reconstruct the crustacoius period setting and all the vegitation ,lust forests, muddy salt flats, sandy beaches, and dry temperate valleys. These settings are all very vital to the book because it creates the prehistoric atmosphere and brutal planet these giants once inhabited. One of the key elements to the book to make it more realistic is how the author describes in detail all the other animals that Raptor Red hunts and runs into in the book. The author puts great detail in how Raptor Red stalks her prey and kills her victims. Once you start reading this book and you see how intelligent raptors once were you really can't decipher Raptor Red's thinking to a modern day human hunter. 3. This book follows the life of Raptor Red and all the troubles a raptor would face in it's life from good times to bad. The book starts off with Raptor Red hunting an Ultrasaurus with her mate. They carefully select the dinosaur they will single out to kill. They look for faults in their prey, like injuries, preoccupation with someting elese, stragglers who want to rest for a while, just about anything to help assure a safe victory without any injuries to themselves. Raptor Red and her mate single out an Ultrasaurus who is preoccupied with trying to mate rather than pay any attention to the fact that it was being stalked by predators. Raptor Red and the mate kill the Ultrasaurus on a mud flat, and the Ultrasaurus falls on it's knees and dies. While Raptor Red and her mate are gorging on the larg animal her mate detects a scent of another kind of smalled raptors in the area that want some of the kill. Raptor Reds mate lets out a fierce roar

Free-Will Defense Essay -- essays research papers

Free-Will Defense   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Free Will Defense is an attempted solution to the problem of moral evil. Human beings are gifted with free will by God as a condition for genuine morality, trust, love, and the like, though it also makes possible the introduction of moral evil into the world. There are various questions that are asked with the question of God. Many ask questions like- why did God give humans the ability of free will knowing that they will abuse it? Is free will a condition for real humanhood? Could God have made us free and unable to sin? These questions that are frequently asked are left unanswered. People believe all different things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Bible, the first humans made were Adam and Eve, and God gave them free will. Adam and Eve abused their free will, so sin made its way into the world. Everyone after Adam and Eve has inherited the effects of the Fall, including a loss of free will. At least with the first human beings free will was a condition of real human good, though it also meant the possibility of sin. Leaving the question of Adam and Eve’s fall and its consequences for their descendants, this view is basically what is currently called the Free-Will Defense.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An American Philosopher Alvin Platinga also believes in the idea. He says how there may be a different kind of good that God cannot bring to us without permitting evil. If there is no evil, then how can good be deter...

How Far Do I Agree That the Hundred Flowers Campaign Was a Trick Essay

Mao travelled the length and breadth of China during the 1950’s. The massive amount of support that he got where ever he went convinced him that he was in touch with the people. He took this opportunity to give some greater freedom of expression to his people and he encouraged constructive criticism of how he and his party were transforming china into a proletarian state. He also gave intellectuals a greater say in debate which was unusual as Mao hated them. It was quite possible that Mao was affected by the attack on Stalin by Khrushchev who publicly said that Stalin was evil and wrong; Mao did not want this backlash himself . erhaps the hundred flowers campaign closed the gap between his people and him, the people would not make a comparison of him and Stalin and it would make him seem that he really cared what the people thought. In early 1957 the party and Mao prepared themselves for criticism which let ordinary every day people be able to say where the CCP had gone wrong. After the initial thoughts of people being classed as anti party were dismissed people flocked in their hundreds to criticise the party top government officials and even as far as Mao himself on the grounds of corruption, inefficiency and not being realistic. After this Mao changes direction and stops the hundred flowers campaign and everything goes backwards it was not a time of expression but a time of great oppression and was replaced altogether with the anti-rightist movement. Those people who had spoken out the most about the regime were forced to retract there statement and many University staff, writers, school teachers and economists some of the finest minds in china were forced to retract there statements and were humiliated in front of their peers and were forced to enter re-education classes where they were broken down and re built with the information about the CCP. Even high ranking government officials were not safe as Zhou Enlai found out when he was forced to say that he had been too slow in putting Mao’s industrial plans into action which was not true, this sent out a message to everyone else saying that no one is safe and forcing everyone to conform. Some people say that it was a trick from the start and the speed in which he retracted the campaign and replaced it with the other one shows that it was a trap from the beginning, they also say that it was a deliberate measure to bring his critics out in to the public and catch them. He could use what they said against them most of the people who did this were intellectuals and the educated who were the most likely to speak up these people also happened to be the two sets of people that Mao didn’t like. It was a movement towards a controlled society in which all expression of opinion had to fit within the government’s criteria. However. People say that Mao was genuinely seeking criticism in which he would turn the peasants against the other classes. By giving scientists and engineers the freedom to express their idea’s’ Mao sought to prevent party bureaucrats from interfering with technical decisions. He wanted intellectuals to expose and attack corruption and bureaucracy. He also wanted peasants, students and workers to speak out and even demonstrate to prevent government bureaucrats from running roughshod over their rights. Another theory is that Mao did it on a whim and he did not set out with an agenda and was the quick thinking of CCP party main officials. In the event Mao’s motives may or may not have been, it was the scale of the criticism that it unleashed that took him aback, he had not realized the size of the problems that his ever so perfect regime had. Whether or not he had set out flush out opponents it had the same outcome, he had discovered the extent of the opposition. He crushed those who he thought were opposed to him. So yes I think that the hundred flowers campaign was a trick used by Mao to flush out opponents. the ruthlessness the he showed can only mean that he set out to do it in the first place.

Antwone Fisher Essay

Antwone Fisher is a young man with anger and temperament issues associated with childhood interpretation of physical and emotional abuse caused by the authoritarian figures of his family. Self-image and true self have been challenged, but the Navy as various events trigger tragic memories from the past. A psychiatrist played by Denzel Washington accepts the challenge to assist human development through various methods and intervention techniques. Furthermore, intervention helps to remove the layers of negative emotion and can be accomplished if the right counselor assists with proper intervention techniques. Carl Rogers theorized the importance of looking at â€Å"self†. He drew a distinction between the self perception and the perception of the â€Å"Ideal-self. There are organized patterns associated with the established one self or the many selves. The â€Å"phenomenal field of the individual includes both unconscious and conscious perceptions, including those of which an individual is aware and is not aware (Pervin p. 172). Focus is on providing avenues to consciousness, as the means to a healthy functional individual. Antwone’s self-image is buried in painful memories and unchecked past emotional events. Rogerian Theory seems to be based in self image. It provides a basis for understanding, evaluating, and providing the appropriate intervention. Gordon Allport’sTheory Rationale Functional Autonomy derives from the notion of healthy and well-organized aspects of human behavior. Traits are the basis of and most important aspect of personality, and they are seated in the nervous system. They represent generalized personality dispositions that account for regularities in the functioning of a person across situations and over time (Pervin p. 32). Antwone’s predictable pattern of behavior becomes traits controlled by his changing emotional state. When a memory challenges the nervous system, he makes irrational emotional unhealthy decisions. Allport’s theory application may reveal more options to understanding the root cause of aggressiveness and angry outbursts. Character Description Antwone Fisher was born in an Ohio prison (his mother was an inmate; his father was shot dead before his birth) and grew up in an abusive foster home in Cleveland. Beaten and often kept tied in the basement, Fisher ran away when he was seventeen and had to face life on the streets. Antwone joined the Navy only to find he was fighting to save himself from insult and to help preserve his pride. Antwone progressively becomes a healthy young man after a psychiatrist helps remove layers of anger and pain based memories. Character Analysis Structure- Antwone Fisher’s character is wrapped up in pressure associated with memories of a mother in prison, a father killed by his girlfriend, abandonment, and physical, emotional, and sexual maltreatment. He was placed in a foster home with his half-brothers. The pastor beat the light-skinned boy for having too much pride. Mrs. Tate tied Antwone’s hands behind his back and beat him unconscious and threatened to burn him with an open fire. She would create division between them while using skin color and the degrading terms. Antwone was the middle child. In the Navy, Antwone was a loner. He constantly went inside to find answers to his past. His treatment as a child stemmed from slave-based disciplinary practiced by Mrs. Tate. His character begins to be formed according to the daily exposure to verbal and mental lashings from her. His self-worth in her eyes amounts to nothing. His submissive behavior is degrading and subservient. He is chastised every step of his childhood into his teen years until he finally puts an end to the beating. There is no reward for good behavior. He even pokes fun at Dr. Davenport (Played by Denzel Washington) while making a mockery of his intervention suggestions. Denzel again reverts to memories from his past and the feelings associated with self-perception. Confusion after making an attempt to straighten-up drives him away from seeking more attention from the psychiatrist. He just wants to be a good shipman, but continues to find a problem with anger. Process He has to find himself before he can find his ideal-self. He realizes through the help of Dr. Davenport that he can change. He tries to find a trust based relationship to compare thoughts and feelings to his own. Establishing relationships may be difficult when internal issues have not been resolved; He wants to impress his woman friend but cannot find the words to begin a caring relationship. Denzel role plays away some of the perceived self-critical behavior to instill confidence. There is a growing consensus about the relationship between personality traits and emotional states, biological theorists of adult personality are exchanging ideas with theorists of childhood temperament, and long-term studies of personality development across the life span are delivering on the promises made many years ago William Revelle; Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 46, 1995, p. 1). Antwone finds incongruence between his perceived self image and his true self image. Dealing with emotional baggage and the inexperience of having the ability to build and maintain a lasting relationship can distort feelings and create confusion. Growth and Development Growth continues during the date with Cheryl as she points out things about his appearance that she finds attractive. His character develops as he shares himself in a way never before experienced. His self-worth grows as he overcomes fear to be â€Å"himself† as he lowers defenses and builds a relationship. He also looks to his psychiatrist the same night for validation and confirmation as he shares his first kiss experience. This appears to be the first time that lowering defenses and trusting his feelings creates a self-worth like never before. Personality theories attempt to account for individual behavior. The scope of such theories is vast. (Revelle, p. 1). Antwone is trying to be nice, but finds it difficult when provoked to anger. Dr. Davenport employs empathy as a way to meet Antwone where before moving quickly ahead. Affective level understanding creates an environment of trust and deeper understanding. Any attempt to withhold judgment and establish rapport assists greatly in growth rate and early development. In sensing the private world of a client, the counselor or therapist attempts to convey an empathic understanding of the person’s experiencing. Through a sensitive attunement, an individual is able to empathically sense his or her own subjective internal state. In an immediate context, a person’s reactions assume the form of hunches and a flow of inner feelings. In this mode, experiencing includes such reactions as love, hate, enjoyment, boredom, sensing, and perceiving. As a basic way of knowing, experiencing subjective responses is fundamental to everyday life. Empathy: Implications of Three Ways of Knowing in Counseling Journal article by Arthur J. Clark; Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, Vol. 43, 2004, p. 1). Carl Rogers (1964) described 3 ways of knowing with reference to empathic understanding: subjective, interpersonal, and objective. Dr. Davenport questions Antwone about his family life after he was thrown out of Mrs. Tate’s house. He talks about going back to the orphanage to develop his social skills. It’s what happens when empathy becomes a part of the process. Dr.  Davenport uses a line of questioning based in empathetic understanding. The centrality of understanding the private perceptual world of a person from an interpersonal perspective is a recurring theme in the writings of Rogers. Thus, the direction of an individual’s empathy is toward another person in an effort to grasp his or her phenomenological functioning. (p. 1). Institutionalized incarceration lacks sensitivity and empathy. The penal system and rehabilitation process formalize a different skill set and can impede growth and development. From reform school to a men’s shelter to living on the street creates a survival response and an identity vacuum and a need for understanding and belonging. Keep in mind the basis of the Roger’s approach is, to enact empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard (An Analysis of How Carl Rogers Enacted Client-Centered Conversation with Gloria Journal article by Scott A. Wickman, Cynthia Campbell; Journal of Counseling and Development, Vol. 81, 2003, p. 1). Antwone begins to show a trend of behaviors with anticipated responses. His motives are driven by basic human needs for survival. His dysfunctional past needs to be replaced with more productive behavior. Antwone’s park bench experiences before joining the Navy have to be considered in the same way Gordon Allport suggests personality and trait development tied to the environment. Antwone is very conscious of his reaction and responses to people and events in the environment. Antwone, a nice person, may be misunderstood and misjudged because of the trait behaviors associated with anger and violence. Allport surveys of personality psychology included discussions of such concepts as defense mechanisms, self, and identification. Shoring up the SASB Bridge between Personality Theory and Clinical Psychology Journal article by Jerry S. Wiggins; Psychological Inquiry, Vol. 5, 1994. 3 pgs, p. 3). Antwone employs each concept on the road to becoming a balanced healthy, functioning young man. Allport’s theory suggests growth or development of personality is equally important. Regardless of whether one favors traits or motives, many of the questions driving personality psychology are developmental: How do people develop the trait of sociability (or the need for achievement)? At what developmental period does this trait (need) emerge? When are the critical periods during which the trait (need) is expressed? Is sociability (need for achievement) stable from one developmental period to the next, and, if not, what factors are responsible for those changes? How does being high in sociability (need for achievement) shape the individual’s life path (Traits and Types, Dynamics and Development: No Doors Should Be Closed in the Study of Personality, Journal article by Oliver P. John, Richard W. Robins; Psychological Inquiry, Vol. 5, 1994. 6 pgs, p. 140)? Psychopathology The development of psychological theory tends to oscillate between optimistic advances and self-critical analyses and retrenchment (William Revelle; Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 46, 1995, p. 1). Antwone employs defense mechanisms to preserve his client/patient relationship with Dr. Davenport. His regression begins when he recalls the memory of his old friend tricks him into committing a crime. During the crime his best friend is killed. Self-maintenance becomes an issue as he recalls how many people in life have left him. He believes Dr. Davenport is determined to leave him after making him an extended member of the family. His high level of trust and sense of belonging gives way to loss and suffering. He’s willing to do almost anything to hold on to certainty in his life. Optimism crashes and retrenchment occurs as the feelings of loss become incongruent with the memory of his friends blood splatter across his face. His friend Jesse fed him when he was hungry and died during a botched robbery the next day. Believing the death relieved Jesse from fighting anymore, increases the feeling of abandonment, letdown and pain associated with accepting the last session with Dr.  Davenport. Internal and External Factors Internally something is missing. Self-concept and self-actualization cannot occur unless he is reunited with his past. As most counselors know very well, person-centered theory and therapy began with and evolved from the thinking, research, and practice of Carl Ransom Rogers (The Development and Evolution of Person-Centered Expressive Art Therapy: A Conversation with Natalie Rogers Journal article by John Sommers-Flanagan; Journal of Counseling and Development, Vol. 85, 2007, p. 1). Carl Rogers was raised by parents under one roof. The integration of person-centered principles and art is a natural combination of her parents’ most distinct qualities (p. 1). Antwone Fisher’s parents were non-existent. Internal and external support was missing therefore disrupting self-centered support. Much like Dr, Davenport, Roger’s interactions with clients were like small miracles of compassionate understanding and communication†. Carl Rogers believed that the relationship between therapist and client facilitates emotional and psychological healing. As counselors we often see ourselves in the same situations as our clients. For some reason, the need to remain ethical and subjective creates a gap in reality as our own defense mechanisms preserve internal wellness. The therapeutic atmosphere produces positive changes when unconditional positive regard supersedes poor judgment and inflexibility. When our practiced behavior becomes predictable, we become trait driven and predictable which often leads to in effective counseling alternatives. Pervin’s analysis and critique of personality-trait research rests on the assumption that the five-factor model (FFM), and trait models more generally, should fulfill all the goals of a complete theory of personality (Traits and Types, Dynamics and Development: No Doors Should Be Closed in the Study of personality Journal article by Oliver P. John, Richard W. Robins; Psychological Inquiry, Vol. 5, 1994. 6 pgs. , p137) In a summary statement about the nature of this relationship, the whole person remains fragmented until explanations associated with internal messages match externally. Antwone had to trace his family history for answers to self image, self-esteem, and the ideal self. Throughout the movie, he is polite, articulate, and very well-balanced in a trusting and loving environment. When the memories were released and support from his girlfriend prevailed, gradually the â€Å"real† Antwone Fisher began to take shape and grow. How can one become person centered and grow when completeness is rooted in deteriorating external information? Conclusion Communicating genuiness and unconditional positive self-regard is the key to breaking down the walls and destroying the defenses of a troubled and angry client. When a negative self image impeded growth and development, the counselor must build trust, establish rapport and utilize empathy effectively. Providing a safe environment and a loving and caring ethical and professional relationship with your client are the keys to successful intervention. Carefully choosing the process and defining reasonable goals assist in the healing process on the way to independence. Looking into a mirror and defining the meaning of self and the perceived ideal self may be incongruent occasionally. Self-talk can be detrimental and harmful when discouragement follows as a result of unanswered questions about the self and the past. When life becomes puzzling and negative behaviors overshadow self-perception, the counselor must provide a way to trace behaviors to the root cause. Rogers and Allport provide reasonable theories on personality development to help achieve successful and healthy lives. We must also consider the internal and external factors associated with changes in behavior as they impact behavioral changes. Antwone Fisher returned to the environment of his past abusive childhood and confronted the abusers before moving ahead. Three sessions may not be adequate for long-term care and permanent change. Being flexible with healthy boundaries throughout the intervention process, may reveal our own shortcomings as we attempt to stay the course. Antwone Fisher and Commander Davenport established an amazing, growing, and client-centered relationship. The outcome proves that independent and healthy living can be facilitated on both sides when unconditional positive regard prevails.

Black Manhood Essay Research Paper ROBERT CLINEThe

Black Manhood Essay, Research Paper ROBERT CLINE The Explosion of Wall Street, September 16th 1920 from 3 different positions. Reporting from Wall Street Live: John Jackson, Lady s A ; Gentlemen an detonation exterior the frontage of the Barclays Bank edifice merely earlier 5 ante meridiem quivered downtown Wall Street directing dust of glass lavishing down on the intersection of Water Street. I spoke with New York City Police Chief of Detectives William Allee and he said, # 8220 ; An explosive device broke Windowss at Barclays Bank and windows across the street # 8230 ; One individual was injured from the blast, but was treated at Downtown Beekman Hospital and released. # 8221 ; Afterward, the constabulary tagged the device # 8220 ; an jury-rigged explosive device, # 8221 ; but wouldn Ts say if it was a family mechanism. Allee said the New York City Police Department, the FBI and New York State Police have focused their efforts to happen a 5-foot 10-inch, 220-pound adult male dressed in a tan building coat that was seen outside 75 Wall St. about the clip of the detonation. Barclays Bank is non noting on the incident other than to province that Barclays owns the edifice but doesn T sustain offices at that place. I spoke with a spokeswoman and informed me those two renters in the edifice including Dresdner Bank and J.P. Morgan. There is no hint that the blast has any connexion with Dresdner said a bank female interpreter from Frankfurt, Germany. Bank processs in the edifice include Dresdner # 8217 ; s trading floor and other installations as good. The spokeswoman stated that she couldn t give any other information at the clip. One of J.P. Morgan s functionaries replied that Mr. Morgan has some employees that have been rerouted to another 1 of Mr. Morgan s offices and stated the bank is working # 8220 ; concern as usual. # 8221 ; Bomb-smelling cur and representatives from the Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms bureau have closed seeking the country and found nil. The constabularies say the country is now safe. Employees are now being permitted into the entryway on 75th Wall St. , but are being accompanied by constabulary bulls through a secondary entryway. Streets are blocked off in the parametric quantities between Pearl, Front, Wall and Greenwich streets. I spoke with a gentleman functionary at a corner base and he stated he was stacking doughnuts when the detonation occurred. # 8220 ; I figured it was a elephantine banger, # 8221 ; stated gentleman who decline vitamin D to give his given name. He ended the conversation with, â€Å"I didn’t travel out because I was scared.† I besides spoke with Dennis Theodore and he said he heard the blast during his regular work on his 5th floor office at 110th Wall St. He stated, â€Å"My Windowss shook. The whole edifice shook, and I knew it was a bomb right away.† I found out that this would be Theodore’s 2nd onslaught in five old ages. This 43 twelvemonth old from Middle Village Queens, adult male was on a metro auto near Fulton St. about five old ages ago when a bomb exploded in one of the train autos. The blast is the first in history in the lower Manhattan country that was so destructive of all time. I m seeing following door the mammoth Fe bars across the Assay Office s Windowss twisted. The Stock Exchange s large Windowss shattered onto the trading floor. The consequence of the blast caused the Trinity Church to tremble and thirty people died immediately because of rocks falling and some mere vermilion discolorations on the paving. A adult female s caput still have oning a chapeau is wedged to 23 Wall s fa fruit drink. A courier ballad decapitated with a bundle of securities firing in his manus. Besides a clerk ballad eyeless with his pess gone really exhausted. I figure about two 100s are hurt with the exclusion of the 10 who were merely found dead. To the left of me a hoof of on of the Equus caballuss that are soaking in a pool blood. Another on site informant remembered how the pool had glistened in the sunbeams. There are crowds of unharmed people environing the shambles even though stepping on the dead to see good. Other information on the detonation of Wall St. the Stock Exchange s president stated he walked at a good pace to the bathroom because running is forbidden on the trading floor. While he rang the tam-tam to stop the twenty-four hours s trading. The Curb Exchange agents transacted commercialism on the Broad St. walkway about 200 pess south of Wall St. Less officially suspended when the agents ran off. The constabulary and firemen are here cleaning up things seeking to acquire order. Half a twelve bulls with their guns drawn took station before the Assay Office and Sub exchequer. Forty proceedingss after the blast federal soldiers from the Governor s Island barracks arrived with they re rifles filled and lances fixed were double-timing into Wall St. Beginnings: www.yahoo.com ; 1920 detonation. www.msn.com ; Wall St. Bombing of 1920. Microfilm-September 16th 1920. Bombing of the Wall St. Market.

Summary essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Summary - Essay Example In short, he says that Second World War was everything that war is: uncertain, costly, violent, and also an arena for the best and worst of the human behavior. In the first chapter, â€Å"myth making and the war†, Dr. Michael sets out the myth, as defined by government propaganda, Hollywood dramatization, advertisement agencies as well as those who took part and fought in the war. Adams described the war as America’s golden age, a point in life of society when everything worked out perfectly, and people got prosperous endings. The World War II era came to serve as a bygone age that America once was. The Americans believe that the Second World War proved one rule above all the others, i.e. It is usually better to fight than to talk (Adams, 4). The war myth is altered not much in what it mentions as in what it does not mention. This applies both to the war itself and also to the home front (Adams, 7). In the second chapter, â€Å"no easy answers,† starts the process of breaking down the myth and indicating that the circumstances that led up to the Second World War began way long before Versailles’ treaty, and the divisions of the war will last longer than the era that fought it. Michael puts down the frame of the complex economical, cultural and political histories of each nation that would become involved in the World War II and shows no point one decision would prevent the war from taking place. He further argues that no substantial effect could have happened in Europe as well as Asia; hence indeed there were no easy answers (Adams, 12). The third Chapter, â€Å"the war patterns, 1939-1945† puts down the way in which each country fought the war with new speeds and technologies and made possible by the remoteness of the enemies (Adams, 45). The forth chapter, â€Å"American war machine,† indicates how the tools and machines were made and sent into the battles. In this chapter, Adams demonstrates how the

Hand Wash Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hand Wash - Essay Example In a review article11 Semmelweis observed that mortality rate from puerperal fever was high (16%) before May 1847 in a clinic where doctors and student doctors provided care to women in labour despite washing hands with soap and water before entering the obstetric clinic† (Mukwato et al. n.d.). Semmelweis (1847) assume that the elevated rates of puerperal flu and infection were caused by the â€Å"cadaverous† element, spread from the autopsy room to the obstetric region via the hands of student and from the doctors. In May 1847, Semmelweis confirmed through that doctors and students rub their hands in lime mixture (which is also chlorinated) prior to each bodily examination. As a result the death rate in that clinic had a drop from 16% to 3.06% in the remaining 7 months of 1847. â€Å"Heynes et al [19] offered a widely accepted definition of compliance within health care settings [20]. According to this definition, compliance is the extent to which certain behaviour (fo r example, following physician's orders or implementing healthier lifestyles) is in accordance with the physicians' instructions or health care advice. Compliance can be influenced or controlled by a variety of factors like culture, economic and social factors, self-efficacy, and lack of knowledge or means† (Efstathiou et al. 2012). Katowa P. Mukwato, 1C.M.   in his report, states that the analysed that mortality rate is inferior to burns infectivity was low in wards that were located on the top floor.... In May 1847, Semmelweis confirmed through that doctors and students rub their hands in lime mixture (which is also chlorinated) prior to each bodily examination. As a result the death rate in that clinic had a drop from 16% to 3.06% in the remaining 7 months of 1847. â€Å"Heynes et al [19] offered a widely accepted definition of compliance within health care settings [20]. According to this definition, compliance is the extent to which certain behaviour (for example, following physician's orders or implementing healthier lifestyles) is in accordance with the physicians' instructions or health care advice. Compliance can be influenced or controlled by a variety of factors like culture, economic and social factors, self-efficacy, and lack of knowledge or means† (Efstathiou et al. 2012). Katowa P. Mukwato, 1C.M. in his report, states that the analysed that mortality rate is inferior to burns infectivity was low in wards that were located on the top floor most likely due to minim um actions and good exposure to air. These statements highlight the significance of variable traffic flow and movement pattern as a component of disease prevention. Assessment of traffic and action patterns in a ward helps in diminishing the number of microorganisms there in the environment, as the amount of microorganisms in a selected area tends to be associated to the number of people present and the various activities carried out. â€Å"A worrying trend in hospitals is the emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms which can survive on the hands of health care workers. Many, if not most, hospital-acquired infections continue to be spread by direct